مروری بر مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون ‌بر پایه پلیمرهای نوع-n در سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت معکوس

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

اصفهان، دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده شیمی، کد پستی ٨١۷۴٦۷۳۴۴١

چکیده

سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت با وجود چالش پایداری که با آن مواجه هستند، پیشرفت‌های شایان توجهی داشته‌اند. پیش‌بینی می‌شود، این روند با توجه به علم مهندسی کامپوزیت و مواد تشکیل‌دهنده لایه‌ها، برای دستیابی به سلول‌های  کارآمد و با ثبات زیاد در بلندمدت، همچنان ادامه داشته باشد. یکی از اجزا و لایه اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت، ماده انتقال‌دهنده الکترون است که در انتقال و استخراج الکترون و بازده سلول نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای دارد. مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون براساس اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده به انواع مختلف آلی، غیرآلی و پلیمری تقسیم‌بندی می‌شوند. از این میان، مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون پلیمری با توجه به محدودیت‌های موجود در انواع دیگر و خواص ویژه‌ای که نشان می‌دهند، مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. مشتقات فولرن از مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون آلی هستند که حل‌پذیری و تحرک الکترونی مناسبی ندارند. اما، در مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون پلیمری امکان اتصال گروه‌های عاملی متفاوت به واحد هسته مرکزی ماده وجود دارد که سبب ایجاد تغییرات معنادار در پارامترهای فوتوولتایی سلول می‌شود. با انتخاب مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون پلیمری قابلیت دستیابی به برتری‌هایی مانند تحرک الکترونی زیاد، خالص‌سازی آسان، حل‌پذیری مناسب برای فراوری حین لایه‌نشانی و پایداری مطلوب وجود دارد. از مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون پلیمری با هسته‌های مرکزی مختلف مانند نفتالن دی‌ایمین، پریلن‌دی‌ایمید و بیس‌تیوفن ایمید به‌دلیل تحرک الکترونی زیاد و نیازنداشتن به مواد افزودنی، بیشتر در سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت معکوس استفاده شده است. در این میان، بیشترین بازده (%20.43) به سلول دارای پلیمر  PPDIN6 با هسته مرکزی پریلن‌دی‌ایمید مربوط است. افزون بر این، پژوهشگران از پلیمرهای نوع-n برای اصلاح، ارتباط مؤثر میان لایه‌ها و بهبود پارامترهای فوتوولتایی سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت معکوس استفاده می‌کنند. این مقاله مروری نشان می‌دهد، انتخاب مواد انتقال‌دهنده الکترون پلیمری همراه با هسته‌های مرکزی خاص، با تغییرات اساسی می‌تواند به نتایج مطلوبی از نظر عملکرد و پایداری در سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکیت منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Electron Transporting Materials Based on n-Type Polymers in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atieh Feda
  • mostafa moslempoor
  • Esmaeil Sheibani
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
چکیده [English]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), despite the stability challenges they face, have made significant progress. It is predicted that this trend will continue due to the progress in composite engineering and the materials that make up the layers. It is expected to continue to achieve high performance and long-term stability in these cells. One of the key components and layers in PSCs is “electron transporting material” (ETM), playing a crucial role in electron transfer, extraction, and cell efficiency. ETMs are categorized into various types based on their constituent materials, including inorganic, organic, and polymer-based ETMs. Polymeric ETMs are of particular importance due to their unique properties and considering the limitations in other types of ETMs. Fullerene derivatives, which are organic ETMs, lack adequate electron mobility and solubility. However, in polymeric ETMs, the ability to connect different functional groups to their central core creates significant changes in the photovoltaic parameters of the cell. By choosing polymeric ETMs, potential advantages such as high electron mobility, easy purification, suitable solubility for processing during layer deposition, and desirable stability can be achieved. Polymeric ETMs with various central cores such as naphthalenediimide (NDI), perylenediimide (PDI), and bithiopheneimide (BTI) have been widely used in reverse PSCs due to their high electron mobility and the absence of additives. Among them, the highest efficiency (20.43%) relates to a cell containing the PDI-core polymer PPDIN6. Additionally, researchers use n-type polymers to modify, create effective interlayer connections, and improve the photovoltaic parameters of reverse PSCs. This review article highlights that the selection of polymeric ETMs along with specific central cores can lead to meaningful changes, resulting in desirable performance and stability in PSCs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • perovskite solar cells
  • polymeric electron transporter materials
  • power conversion efficiency
  • conjugated polymers
  • stability

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